Effects of black tea tooth staining previously to 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching

Aim: To determine if the artificial staining with black tea (BT) influences the enamel microhardness before in-office bleaching and if BT staining is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide Methods: Enamel/dentin blocks were randomized into groups according to the staining protocol (n=5/group): (CO) control ­ maintained in artificial saliva solution (AS); (BT4) immersed in black tea solution for 4 h; (BT24) immersed in black tea solution for 24 h. After the staining protocols, all specimens were kept in AS for one week, followed by bleaching (three sessions of HP application for 40 min). Knoop surface microhardness (kgF/mm2) was determined at baseline (T0), after staining (T1), after 7 days of storage in AS (T2), and after bleaching (T3). The color (∆E00) and coordinate changes (∆L, ∆a, ∆b) were measured using a digital spectrophotometer at T0 and T3. Data were submitted to one-way (∆E00, ∆L, ∆a, ∆b) or two-way ANOVA repeated measures (kgF/mm2) and Tukey's test (a=5%). Results: The staining protocols (BT4 and BT24) promoted significantly lower microhardness (T1 and T2, p<0.05) than CO, whereas CO was the only group to maintain microhardness values over time. Bleaching promoted perceptible ∆E00 without a significant difference among the groups regardless of the staining protocol (p=0.122). CO and BT4 showed no differences in terms of ∆L and ∆a (p>0.05), but BT4 displayed a higher ∆b than CO. Conclusion:The artificial staining with BT negatively affected the enamel surface microhardness and was not essential to evaluate the efficacy of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching

Application value of endoscopic Nd-Fe-B magnet ring tracer technique to laparoscopy for colorectal lesions (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of preoperative colonoscopic marking by Nd-Fe-B magnet ring to assist laparoscopy.Methods:A total of 51 patients with colorectal tumor who underwent radical laparoscopy from January 2020 to October 2021 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were recruited. The patients were marked by Nd-Fe-B magnet ring under endoscopy one day before the operation, another magnet ring was sent into the abdominal cavity during the radical laparoscopy through cannula. The two magnet rings were attracted and clung to each other to orient the lesions. The basic information of patients, location of preoperative marks under endoscopy and laparoscopy conditions were recorded.Results:All 51 Nd-Fe-B magnet rings were successfully located to the position of colorectal tumor and fixed. According to the location of the lesions, there were 15 cases of transverse colon, 12 cases of descending colon, 19 cases of sigmoid colon, and 5 cases of upper rectal segment. According to the lesion type, there were 21 cases of colon cancer, 25 cases of polyp carcinomatosis, and 5 cases of laterally spreading tumors with partial carcinomatosis. There were 5 cases with positive margins after endoscopic mucosal resection and 1 case with positive margin after endoscopic submucosal dissection. All lesions were accurately located during the operation. The marking time was 4.1±1.2 min (3-6 min) before the operation and the localization time was 1.5±1.1 min (0.9-5.3 min) during the operation. All magnet rings were removed from the body by laparoscope. The mean distances between the tumor and the cutting edge of the proximal and distal intestinal segments were 5.5 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively. No complications such as colon mucosal injury, bleeding, intestinal perforation or local inflammatory reactions occurred.Conclusion:Nd-Fe-B magnet ring tracer technique for laparoscopic orientation is simple, fast, accurate and safe with no need for additional equipment or apparatus, which is worthy of clinical application.

Adventitial Collagen Cross-Linking by Glutaraldehyde Reinforcing Human Saphenous Vein - Implication for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ABSTRACT Introduction: A weak venous wall is one of the major reasons contributing to vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We investigated whether adventitial collagen cross-linking by glutaraldehyde reinforces venous wall, preserving the endothelium of veins during high-pressure distention. Methods: Human saphenous veins (SVs) were collected from 40 patients undergoing CABG, and adventitia cross-linking was performed with 0.3% glutaraldehyde for five minutes. The cross-linked SVs were accessed by biodegradation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and tensile test. Native SVs and cross-linked SVs from another 20 patients received the 200 mmHg pressure distention for two minutes. Pressure-induced injury of SVs were accessed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Time to digestion was 97±13 minutes for native SVs and 720±0 minutes for cross-linked SVs (P<0.05). After adventitial cross-linking, the collagen I fibres of the vein remarkably presented with compact and nonporous arrangement. In the high-stretch region (stretch ratio 1.4-1.8), the Young's elastic modulus of stress-stretch ratio curve in cross-linked SVs was larger than that in native SVs (13.88 vs. 5.83, P<0.05). The cross-linked SVs had a lower extent of endothelial denudation without fibre fracture during high-pressure distension than native SVs. Comparing with the non-cross-linked SVs, the percentage of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining length on the endothelium of cross-linked SVs was significantly preserved after high-pressure distension (85.2% vs. 64.7%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Adventitial collagen cross-linking by glutaraldehyde reinforced venous wall by increasing stiffness and decreasing extensibility of SVs and mitigated the endothelial damage under high-pressure distension.

MicroRNA-124a Protects the Myocardium Against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Regulation of the Notch Signaling Pathway

Abstract Introduction: This study's objective is to investigate the effect of downregulation of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-124a on myocardial injury after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=20) were divided into four groups - sham, I/R, I/R+miR-124a antagomir (I/R+ant-miR-124a), and I/R+ant-normal control (NC). The pathomorphological and infarct size variance of injured myocardial tissues with IR were conducted with hematoxylin (HE) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The expression levels of miR-124a, BAX, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB), Notch1, and Hes1 were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot in myocardium. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in serum by colorimetry. Results: The expression of miR-124a was increased in the I/R group. Compared with I/R and I/R+ant-NC groups, after downregulating miR-124a, the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, BAX, NF-KB, LDH, and CK were decreased, but the expression of Notch1 and Hes1 were increased. In HE staining, myocardial tissue edema, red blood cell exudation, and myocardial fiber arrangement disorder were accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and local necrosis in the I/R group. However, the pathological injury of myocardial tissue was alleviated after downregulating miR-124a. Additionally, TTC results showed that the myocardial infarction area was decreased in the I/R+ant-miR-124a group. Conclusion: Downregulation of miR-124a expression through Notch pathway can significantly reduce myocardial damage after 24 hours of I/R in SD rats. Therefore, miR-124a may become a potential therapeutic target for I/R injury.

Value of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided carbon nanoparticles tattooing for rectal cancer in laparoscopic surgery / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore the value of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided carbon nanoparticles tattooing for preoperative localization of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.Methods:Sixty patients diagnosed as having rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection in the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from April 2018 to April 2019 were randomly divided into the endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tattoo group (group A), the colonoscopy-guided tattoo group (group B) and the control group (group C) by random number table. The leakage rate of dye in intestinal tract, complications, and the tattooed serosa stained with carbon nanoparticles during laparoscopic surgery were recorded. Identification time of lesions, the total operation time, the length of resected rectal segment, tumor distance to distal resection margin, and the rate of anal preservation were analyzed and the postoperative pathology were compared.Results:In group A, endoscopic ultrasonography revealed 2 cases of suspected tumor extension toward the anal side within distal intestinal wall. The extension length was 0.42 cm and 0.71 cm respectively, and the extension length was 0.36 cm and 0.64 cm under microscope respectively. In group B, the pathology result showed that the extension length was 0.53 cm under microscope. In group C, the pathology result showed that the extension length were 0.43 cm, 0.36 cm and 0.28 cm under microscope respectively. Obvious black staining in the rectal serosa was found in all tattooed patients during the surgery. There were scattered black staining spots at the surface of peritoneum and mesentery in 3 cases in group B. The identification time of lesions in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (1.29 ± 0.87 min, 1.31 ± 0.63 min VS 15.3 ± 10.50 min, P<0.05). The total operation time in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (176.12 ± 27.64 min, 175.67 ± 26.48 min VS 198.65 ± 38.67 min, P<0.05). The length of resected rectal segment in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (11.81 ± 5.76 cm, 12.31 ± 3.94 cm VS 15.24 ± 4.12 cm, P<0.05). The tumor distance to distal resection margin in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (3.61 ± 1.26 cm, 4.57 ± 1.58 cm VS 6.13 ± 2.47 cm, P<0.05). Anal preservation rates of three groups were 65.0% (13/20), 60.0% (12/20), 40.0% (8/20) respectively with no significant difference ( P>0.05). No residual tumor cells were found in any specimens. Conclusion:Carbon nanoparticles tattooing guided by endoscopic ultrasonography could reduce unnecessary intestinal segment incision and shorten the operation time. It can also reveal tumor extension toward the anal side within intestinal wall, which provides more accurate localization for the distal incision of the lower rectal cancer.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic marking with SPOT for gastrointestinal lesions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SPOT (GI Supply, USA), a new carbon-based permanent marker approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the endoscopic marking for gastrointestinal lesions.Methods:A total of 115 patients with gastrointestinal lesions who underwent endoscopic treatment or surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital or Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from April 2019 to November 2019 were enrolled in the study. SPOT was used to mark the lesions, and marking points were found during endoscopic treatment or surgery to calculate the effective marking rate by single-group target value method. Adverse events after marking were recorded, and the changes of blood routine test, liver and kidney functions before and after marking were compared.Results:The effective rate of endoscopic marking with SPOT was 99.13% (114/115). The longest marking time was 57 days. There was no puncture of intestinal wall or injection into abdominal cavity during the marking process. One patient developed mild fever after marking. The incidence of adverse events was 23.48% (27/115), which were all unrelated to the test equipment. There was no significant difference in blood routine tests or liver and kidney functions before and after marking ( P>0.05). Conclusion:SPOT produced by GI Supply can effectively mark gastrointestinal lesions without serious adverse events, which meets the requirements of clinical use.

Marginal staining of ultra-thin ceramic veneers

The pigmentation of the resin cement at the tooth/ceramic interface compromises the esthetic and longevity of ultra-thin ceramic veneers. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate marginal staining of ultra-thin ceramic veneers cemented to intact enamel (non-prepared) and prepared enamel. Methods:Thirty-two (32) permanent central incisors were selected and randomly divided into two groups: intact enamel (IE) and prepared enamel (PE). The ceramic veneers of PE group were bonded to the prepared enamel and the ceramic veneers of IE group were cemented directly onto the intact enamel, with no preparation. Both preparation and cementation were standardized and performed by a single operator. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 8) with different immersion media - coffee and water. After an immersion period of 10 days, stereomicroscope images were made at 20X magnification of the mesial, distal, cervical and incisal surface of each specimen. Three blinded, trained and calibrated examiners evaluated the images of the resin cement interface of each surface. The data were subjected to KruskalWallis and MannWhitney statistical analysis. Immersion media and enamel preparation influenced the marginal staining of the tooth/ceramic interface. Results: When immersed in coffee, prepared interfaces presented greater marginal staining than unprepared interfaces. When immersed in water, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The cementation of ultra-thin ceramic veneers onto intact enamel is associated with less marginal staining and, consequently, improved esthetics

Comparison of sharp dissection, electrocautery, and ultrasonic activated scalpel with regard to endothelial damage, preparation time, and postoperative bleeding during radial artery harvesting

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of classical technique, electrocautery, and ultrasonic dissection on endothelial integrity, function, and preparation time for harvesting the radial artery (RA) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Forty-five patients who underwent isolated CABG and whose RA was suitable for use were studied and divided into three groups: Group 1, classical method (using sharp dissection); Group 2, electrocautery; and Group 3, ultrasonic cautery. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were examined biochemically; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) values were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. RA preparation time, RA length/harvesting time ratio, and drainage amounts at the site of RA removal were compared. Results: Differences in RA preparation time (Group 1: 25±6 min, Group 2: 18±3 min, Group 3: 16±3 min, P<0.001) and length/harvesting time ratio (Group 1: 0.76±0.19 cm/min, Group 2: 0.98±0.16 cm/min, Group 3: 1.13±0.09 cm/min, P<0.001) were statistically significant among the groups. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were not statistically significant different, VCAM-1 and eNOS expressions were observed to be similar among the groups, and endothelial damage was detected in only one patient per group. Conclusion: Use of ultrasonic cautery during RA preparation considerably reduces the preparation time and postoperative drainage amount. However, the superiority of one method over the others could not be demonstrated when the presence of endothelial damage with both biochemical and histopathological evaluations was considered.

Utilização da cromoendoscopia com azul de toluidina mais solução de Lugol para diagnóstico precoce de lesões pré-malignas esofágicas e neoplasias superficiais em pacientes de alto risco / Chromoendoscopy using toluidine blue plus lugol's solution for early diagnosis of esophageal premalignant lesions and superficial neoplasms in high-risk patients

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer. The prognosis is bleak in patients with advanced stages. Patients with early disease have a better prognosis than those with advanced stage. There are several techniques for the screening of premalignant and superficial lesions including chromoendoscopy. OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to determine the effectiveness of chromoendoscopy with toluidine blue combined with Lugol's solution for diagnosis of esophageal premalignant and superficial neoplastic lesions in high risk patients. METHODS: Routine white light upper endoscopy was performed. Toluidine blue was sprayed from the gastroesophageal junction to 20 cm of the dental arch. Then the uptake dye areas were characterized. Later Lugol's solution was sprayed. Areas with less-intense staining were characterized. Biopsy of the toluidine blue capturing areas and areas with less-intense staining of Lugol's solution were taken. In the cases where lesions were not evidenced after application of dyes, biopsies four quadrants of the esophageal mucosa were taken. The samples were evaluated by a digestive pathologist. RESULTS: Barrett's esophagus was the most common premalignant lesion and the early neoplastic lesion was adenocarcinoma with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 85.7%, positive predictive value 30%, negative predictive value 100%, positive likelihood ratio 7 negative likelihood ratio 0. CONCLUSION: Chromoendoscopy with toluidine blue combined with Lugol's solution is a useful tool in the screening of esophageal premalignant lesions and superficial neoplasms.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O câncer de esôfago é o oitavo câncer mais comum. O prognóstico é sombrio em pacientes com estágios avançados. Pacientes com doença precoce têm um melhor prognóstico do que aqueles com estágio avançado. Existem várias técnicas para a triagem de lesões pré-malignas e superficiais, incluindo cromoendoscopia. OBJETIVO: Este artigo objetivou determinar a efetividade da cromoendoscopia com azul de toluidina combinada com a solução de Lugol para o diagnóstico de lesões neoplásicas pré-malignas e superficiais esofágicas em pacientes de alto risco. MÉTODOS - A endoscopia de luz branca de rotina foi realizada de forma rotineira. O azul do toluidina foi pulverizado desde a junção gastroesofágica até 20 cm da arcada dentária. As áreas impregnadas pela tintura da tomada foram então caracterizadas. Mais adiante a solução de Lugol foi pulverizada. Áreas com coloração menos intensa foram caracterizadas. Foram realizadas biópsias das áreas de captura de azul de toluidina e áreas com coloração menos intensa da solução de Lugol. Nos casos onde as lesões não foram evidenciadas após a aplicação das tinturas, foram feitas biópsias em quatro quadrantes da mucosa esofágica. As amostras foram avaliadas por um patologista especializado. RESULTADOS: O esôfago de Barrett foi a lesão pré-maligna mais frequente e a lesão neoplásica precoce foi adenocarcinoma com sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 85,7%, valor preditivo positivo de 30%, valor preditivo negativo 100%, razão de verossimilhança positiva 7 e razão de verossimilhança negativa 0. CONCLUSÃO: A cromoendoscopia com azul de toluidina combinada com a solução de Lugol é uma ferramenta útil na triagem de lesões pré-malignas esofágicas e neoplasias superficiais.

Application of carbon nano-particles in total thyroidectomy combined with lymphadenectomy in area Ⅵ / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of staining with carbon nanoparticles on the identification of parathyroid glands and lymph nodes during thyroid carcinoma surgery combined with lymphadenectomy.@*Methods@#A total of 194 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent thyroidectomy combined with lymphadenectomy from April 2016 to January 2018 were reviewed. Of them 104 cases were injected with carbon nanoparticles in operation area (nanocarbon group) and other 90 cases without the injection of carbon nanoparticles were as control group. The incidence of mistakenly dissection of parathyroid glands and the levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone in 1 day, 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after surgery were compared between two groups of patients. Chisquare and ranksum test were used to analyze 2 data.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor size, operation time, extrathyroidal invasion and multifocality between two groups. Compared with control groups, nanocarbon group showed a significantly lower incidence of mistakenly dissection of parathyroid glands (8 cases vs 2 cases, 8.9% vs 1.9%,χ2=4.9, P=0.026) and a significantly lower incidence of hypoparathyroidism (41 cases vs 28 cases, 45.5% vs 26.9%, χ2=7.3, P=0.007). The number of lymph nodes dissected from central compartment was 791 in nanocarbon group and 536 in control groups, with a statistically significant difference (Z=-2.2, P=0.028). There was a significant difference in the number of lymph nodes removed from the right neck Ⅵb level between nanocarbon group and control group (41 nodes vs 93 nodes, Z=-2.1, P=0.034).@*Conclusion@#Treatment with nanocarbon can significantly facilitate the identification of the parathyroid during total thyroidectomy combined with central compartment lymphadenectomy, reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and improve the dissection of lymph node in the central compartment.

Experimental study of toluidine blue-dextran-40 as lymphatic tracer in head and neck region / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the feasibility and application value of toluidine bule-dextran-40 (TB-Dex-40) as the tracer for lymphatic system in head and neck region.@*Methods@#Twenty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were equally divided into two groups: the experimental group (TB-Dex-40 group, n=10) and the control group (TB group, n=10). Rabbits in experimental group received submucosal injection of 1.0% (0.14 mOsm/L) TB-Dex-40, and the control group received injection of 1.0% (32.60 mOsm/L) TB.The staining time and fading time of lymphatic vessels and lymphnodes in the neck region were recorded, and the diffusion ranges of the two dyes in the tongue region were measured. Lymph nodespecimen were collected for pathological examination after 10 min, 1 hour and 4 weeks of staining. The experimental animals were sacrificed before and 4 weeks after the experiment. After death, organs of heart, lung, liver and kidney were examined pathologically.@*Results@#TB-Dex-40 reached sentinel lymph node (SLN) and stained lymphatic vessels at an average of (21.67±0.19) s after injection, while in control group was(3.22±0.34) s (P<0.01). The time difference between the two dyes reaching sentinel lymph nodes was statistically significant.The durations from lymphatic staining to marked fading were (19.70±1.34) min in experimental group and (14.30±0.95) min in control group, respectively.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). SLN staining by TB-Dex-40 was still evident after 4 weeks, while TB staining has completely faded after 2 d.The average ranges of diffusionin tongue were (10.50±1.08) mm in experimental group and (20.00±1.05) mm in controlgroup, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).No abnormalities were found in blood test and pathological examination of main organs.@*Conclusions@#TB-Dex-40 has high specificity forstaining lymphatic vessels and is a good tracer with potential clinical value.

Una mirada rápida al control de calidad interno en el quehacer diario del laboratorio de microbiología / A quick look at internal quality control in the daily routine of the microbiology laboratory

Resumen: el laboratorio de microbiología es un sistema complejo que implica muchos pasos para cada actividad, requiere de diversas personas y cuyos resultados analíticos generados deben ser lo más exactos posible. De no ser así, las consecuencias se pueden volver muy significativas, entre ellas, la realización de procedimientos innecesarios al paciente, los retrasos en la obtención de un resultado correcto y la ejecución de pruebas diagnósticas adicionales que se podían evitar. Estas consecuencias incrementan los gastos, tanto en términos económicos como en tiempo y esfuerzos del personal. La mayoría de las técnicas analíticas implican diversos procedimientos que están sujetos a cierto grado de imprecisión y posibilidad de error. Por tal razón, es importante la realización de un control de calidad interno que asegure que los productos finales o valores analíticos, que son producidos por un laboratorio, sean lo suficientemente fiables y adecuados para la finalidad que persiguen. De esta manera, un laboratorio microbiológico debe evaluar y documentar el desempeño de todos los aspectos de sus procedimientos, que incluye la calidad de la muestra, la eficiencia de los reactivos y antisueros, las coloraciones, los medios de cultivo, el funcionamiento de instrumentos o equipos, las cepas de referencia y la verificación o validación de los resultados obtenidos. El objetivo de este manuscrito es presentar una revisión bibliográfica sobre algunos elementos del laboratorio de microbiología susceptibles de control de calidad interno, como parte integral del trabajo diario del personal que labora en este. (AU)

Abstract: The microbiology laboratory is a complex system, which involves many steps for each activity and different people, and where analytical results must be as accurate as possible. If the results are inaccurate, the consequences can be significant, including the performance of unnecessary procedures, delays in obtaining a proper result and implementation additional diagnostic tests that could be avoided. These consequences increase spending both economics terms as time and efforts of the staff. Most analytical techniques involve several procedures that are subject to some degree of imprecision and possibility of error. Therefore, it's important to apply an internal quality control that ensure that finished products or analytical values which are produced by a laboratory are sufficiently reliable and appropriate to the objective pursued. In this way, a microbiological laboratory must assess and document the performance of all aspects of its procedures that includes the quality of the sample, the efficiency of reagents and antisera, the staining, the culture media, the operation of instruments or equipment, the strains of reference, and the verification or validation of the results obtained. The aim of this manuscript is to present a literature review about some elements of microbiology laboratory that are susceptible of internal quality control, as an integral part of the daily work of the staff working in this one. (AU)

Evaluación de la coloración de Albert para la identificación de Corynebacterium spp. en flujo vaginal / Evaluation of Albert´s staining technique for Corynebacterium spp. in vaginal swabs

Introducción: la detección del género Corynebacterium en flujo vaginal representa un reto para el estudio de su posible papel patogénico en el tracto genital femenino. La coloración de Gram es la técnica recomendada para la detección de corinebacterias en muestras clínicas; no obstante, algunas características biológicas de estas bacterias dificultan la identificación por medio de esta. Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño de la coloración de Albert para la identificación de Corynebacterium spp. en muestras de flujo vaginal. Materiales y métodos: se evaluó la tinción de Albert como prueba diagnóstica para la identificación de Corynebacterium spp. en 451 flujos vaginales en comparación de la coloración de Gram. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, los valores predictivos, las razones de verosimilitud y el índice J de Youden con el software Epidat 3.1. Resultados: la coloración de Albert presentó sensibilidad y especificidad de 61,5% y 74,6%, respectivamente, valor predictivo positivo de 78,3%, valor predictivo negativo de 56,5%, razón de verosimilitud positiva de 2,4 y negativa de 0,5 y un Índice de Youden de 0,4. Conclusiones: la tinción de Albert no mostró un mejor rendimiento que la coloración de Gram en la identificación del género Corynebacterium en muestras de flujo vaginal. Por lo tanto, se recomienda el uso en conjunto de las coloraciones de Gram y Albert para la identificación de corinebacterias en flujo vaginal. (AU)

Introduction: The detection of Corynebacterium genus in vaginal discharge represents a challenge for the study of its possible pathogenic role in the female genital tract. Gram's stain is recommended for corynebacteria detection in clinical samples, however, some biological characteristics of these bacteria difficult their identification by this technique. Objetive: to evaluate Albert's stain performans to identify Corynebacterium spp. in vaginal discharge. Materials and methods: Albert's stain was evaluated as a diagnostic test for the identification of Corynebacterium spp. in 451 vaginal swabs in comparison to Gram's stain. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratio, as well as Youden's J index were calculated using Epidat software 3.1 version. Results: Albert's stain had a sensitivity and specificity of 61.5% and 74.6%, respectively, positive predictive value of 78.3 %, negative predictive value of 56.5 %, positive likelihood ratio of 2.4 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.5, as well as Youden index of 0.4. Conclusions: Albert's stain did not show better performance than Gram's stain for identification of corynebacteria in vaginal swabs. Thereforeit is recommended the concomitant use of the Gram and Albert stains for the identification of corynebacteria in vaginal discharge. (AU)

Pathologic staining method improvement for detection of pulmonary cryptococcal disease / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the pathological staining method of pulmonary cryptococcal disease. Methods Traditional hexamine silver staining and acidified potassium permanganate solution hexamine silver stained were used to analyze paraffin sections of 51 patients with pulmonary cryptococcal disease. Results Compared with traditional hexamine silver stained, the result of acidified potassium permanganate solution with hexamine silver stained was positive, and the whole process only required 25 minutes with the clear background and cryptococcal cyst capsule structure. Conclusion Compared with the traditional hexamine silver staining, acidification of potassium permanganate solution hexamine silver staining method is simpler,easier,more effective and worthy of wide application.

Methods and advances in the research of lymphatics in the head and neck / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The lymphatic system plays an important role in human health and disease. In addition to a role in the immune response, the lymphatics can also serve as a pathway for cancer metastasis.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers.In the case where the primary focus has been controlled, cervical lymph node metastasis is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of head and neck cancer.Thus, understanding the anatomy of the lymphatic system is of paramount importance in predicting cancer metastasis and to perform proper lymph node dissection in cancer patients.The objective of this review is to summarize current imaging approaches that facilitate both basic science and clinical investigations of lymphatic vasculature.Mutation analysis of the laryngeal lymphatic system may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.

The value of quantitative TB-DNA test,interferon gamma release test,tuberculosis antibody detection in the pulmonary tuberculosis smear positive patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of quantitative TB‐DNA test ,interferon gamma release test and the detection of tuberculosis antibodies for the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis .Methods 51 patients were diagnosed as tuberculosis from 2013 July to 2014 June in the hospital ,whose sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli were positive .Then TB‐DNA quantitative test ,interferon gamma release test (T‐SPOT .TB)and tuberculosis antibody detection were performed for those pa‐tients .All the result were retrospectively analysed .Results The positive rate of T‐SPOT .TB was 90 .1% ,the positive rate of quan‐titative TB‐DNA test was 74 .5% and the positive rate of tuberculosis antibody detection was 37 .3% .Conclusion Because the re‐sult of T‐SPOT .TB is not affected by the process of specimen collection ,it is the most sensitive test of the three tests at present , and has higher value in the auxiliary diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis than the other two .

A comparative study between narrow-band imaging(NBI) and iodine chromoscopy for early esopha-geal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate narrow?band imaging(NBI)for early esophageal cancer and pre?cancerous lesions. Methods A total of 170 patients ( 192 lesions) diagnosed as having superficial esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions by endoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data of endoscopy, narrow?band imaging (NBI) and iodine chromoscopy were analyzed.Results The detection rates of early esophageal cancer were both 100?? 0% in NBI(13/ 13) and iodine staining (13/ 13), with no statisti?cally significant difference (P>0?? 05).The detection rate of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in NBI and i?odine staining was 94?? 9% (94/ 99) and 100?? 0% (99/ 99) respectively with no statistically significant differ?ence (P>0?? 05); The detection rate of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia in iodine staining was 100?? 0%(80/ 80), significantly higher than that of NBI 78?? 8% (63/ 80) (P<0?? 01).Conclusion NBI and iodine staining endoscopy show better diagnostic value for early esophageal cancer and similar diagnostic value for high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in precancerous lesions. But for the low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the diagnostic value of iodine staining endoscopy is better than that of NBI.

Comparative analysis on detective rate of esophageal and cardiac mucosal lesions between screening endoscopy and routine white light endoscopy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To compare the detection rate of esophageal and cardiac mucosal lesions be?tween screening endoscopy and conventional routine endoscopy. Methods Using iodine staining,a total of 8 918 patients aged 40?69 were screened for esophageal and cardiac early cancer in Xianju and Tiantai county of Zhejiang Province from January 2010 to July 2013.Matched with age, data of 43 834(the conven?tional group) patients who underwent routine endoscopy during the same time period were also retrieved. The detection rates of esophageal and cardia mucosa lesions in both groups were compared and analyzed. Results The detection rate of esophageal mucosal lesions in screening group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group[7?? 48%(667/ 8 918)VS 2?? 17%(953/ 43 834),P0?? 05). The detection rates of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosa cancer and total detection rates between 2 groups were similar(P>0?? 05). Conclusion Through training, endoscopists can grasp the skills of finding esophageal mucosal lesions. Iodine staining should be used as addition to conventional endos?copy in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Conventional white light endoscopy plays a limited role in detection of cardia mucosal lesion, depending on joint inspection of other related methods.

Evaluation of fine needle aspiration biopsy in oral cavity and head and neck region with different stains techniques

The present study aimed to evaluate the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in different staining techniques in nodular lesions of the oral cavity and head and neck region, as their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, staining with Panoptic, Papanicolaou and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) stains. 46 patients who sought the Clinic of the Discipline of Clinical Stomatology at FOUSP were selected consecutively, with nodular lesions in the oral cavity and head and neck region. The material obtained by FNAB was sent on 6 different slides, stained by the method of Panoptic, Papanicolaou and H&E, to the same pathologist only with the clinical diagnosis. After the final report of FNAB, the biopsy report was issued, serving as gold standard. After the calculations, the results of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Panoptic staining were 28.6%, 76% and 15.4%, respectively. The result of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Papanicolaou staining were 71.4%, 76.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The result of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for H&E staining were 82.1%, 23.3%, 28.6%, respectively. We can conclude, according to the methodology of this study that, H&E and Papanicolaou stains showed the same sensitivity of diagnosing malignant neoplasms. H&E stain showed a better specificity for diagnosing benign neoplasms, compared with Papanicolaou and Panoptic stains. H&E stain showed better accuracy, to give definitive diagnosis, followed by Papanicolaou and Panoptic stains.

The effect of different staining reagent and time on acid fast bacilli staining and its quality control significance / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the effect of different staining reagent and time on acid fast bacilli staining and study its quality control measures.Methods We collected 38 cases for positive acid fast bacilli stain.Every wax blocked into 4 pieces,with different staining reagent and time of acid fast staining.Results Using xylene and ethanol staining for 20 minutes,acid fast bacilli was discontinuous and red punctate.Zero cases were positive and the positive rate was 0%.Turpentine dyeing for 1 5 minutes group,acid fast bacilli was clear,bright red,slightly bent branched,and easy to identify.A total of 34 cases were positive and posi-tive rate was 89%.Turpentine dyeing process for 20 minutes,the whole background was red,and was not easy identification.A total of 28 cases were positive and the positive rate was 74%.Turpentine dyeing for 30 minutes,the background was entirely deep red, and was hard to discern the acid fast bacilli.A total of 27 cases were positive and the positive rate was 71%.Conclusion Different staining reagent and time had different positive staining results.Suitable turpentine process was stained for 1 5 minutes for acid fast bacilli.